PHYTO-PAM instruments facilitate measurements of mixed algae populations for analysis of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance of variously pigmented phytoplankton.
Deconvolution of the fluorescence responses of these phytoplankton groups is based on differences upon excitation with multiple excitation wavelengths. In contrast to the MULTI-COLOR-PAM fluorometer, where one of five colors can be applied at the time, with PHYTO-PAM devices different excitation wavelengths are applied quasi-simultaneously in form of µsec measuring light pulses with rapidly alternating colors.
Miniature photomultiplier detectors enable extremely sensitive fluorescence detection down to a concentration of 0.1 µg Chl/l as it can be found in natural surface waters or coastal seawater for standard PAM measurements like saturation pulse quenching analysis, determination of effective PS II quantum yield, light response curves and induction curves. The PHYTO-PAM-II additionally features a fast kinetics mode for assessment of the wavelength-dependent absorption cross section of PS II, σII(λ), from evaluation of the O-I1 kinetics and consequent estimation of wavelength-dependent absolute electron transport rates, ETRII(λ).
PHYTO-PAM-II chlorophyll fluorometers feature five measuring light wavelengths (440, 480, 540, 590 and 625 nm) for simultaneous excitation of four pigment groups of phytoplankton. The same five colors plus white are provided for actinic illumination and determination of wavelength-dependent absorption cross-section and wavelength-dependent electron transport rate.
Two versions presently are available:
• COMPACT version: The complete measuring system contained in a single compact housing. Including Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB, which is prerequisite for calibration of the multi-color photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and reliable quantification of electron transport parameters from fluorescence measurements.
Can be equipped with a Flow-Through Cuvette.
Accessory: Stirring Device WATER-S.
Add-on: Flow-Through Cuvette PHYTO-II-FT
0-10 V Universal Pump Control PHYTO-II/FT/I
• MODULAR version: Emitter- and detector-units mounted on a separate optical unit with the possibility of exchanging detector filters.
Requires Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB.
Accessories : Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS and the Temperature Control Unit US-T
A FIBER version of the PHYTO-PAM is available with four wavelengths of excitation (470, 520, 645 and 665 nm) and one actinic light source (655 nm)
• FIBER version Control unit and compact emitter-detector box with a special fiberoptics forming the link to the sample. For periphyton and microphytobenthos measurements.
A cosine corrected Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS is available to measure photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the fiberoptics exit to calibrate the light list of the PHYTO-PAM
COMPACT Version PHYTO-PAM-II
Specifications
COMPACT Version
PHYTO-PAM-II/ED
General design: Metal housing for PHYTO-PAM-II Power-and-Control-Unit including all opto-electronic components as well as the measuring chamber for 15 mm Ø quartz cuvette WATER-K.
Chip-on-board multi-wavelength measuring light LED emitter: 440, 480, 540, 590, and 625 nm for pulse-modulated measuring light; 2 intensity settings; 8 settings of pulse frequency and 3 settings of auto MF-high pulse frequency
Chip-on-board multi-wavelength actinic LED array: 440, 480, 540, 590, 625 and 420-640 nm (white) for continuous actinic illumination, up to 1500 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR; fast kinetic flashes up to 7000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR; saturation pulse up to 5000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR,
Far-Red LED: peak wavelength 725 nm
Signal detection: Photomultiplier detector based on Photosensor Module H-10720 (Hamamatsu)
Standard detector filter: long-pass filter > 650 nm
Sockets: charge socket for Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L, input socket for US-SQS/WB Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor, USB socket
Communication: USB 1.1, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 compatible
User interface: Windows computer with PhytoWin-3 software
Power supply: Rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery 12 V/2 Ah; Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L (100 to 240 V AC)
Dimensions: 29 cm x 30 cm x 20.5 cm (l x w x h), aluminum housing with carrying handle and cuvette cover
Power consumption: Basic operation 1.5 W, ML +AL at maximum output 4.5 W. Saturation Pulse at maximum intensity, 7 W
Weight: 4.8 kg (including battery)
Operating temperature: -5 to +40 °C
Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L
Input: 90 to 264 V AC, 47 to 63 Hz
Output: 19 V DC, 3.7 A
Operating temperature: 0 to 40 °C
Dimensions: 15 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (l x w x h)
Weight: 300 g
Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB
Design: 3.7 mm diffusing Plexiglas sphere coupled to integrated PAR-sensor via 2 mm fiber, compact amplifier unit and special holder for mounting on sample cuvette;
Connects to: PHYTO-PAM-II LIGHT SENSOR connector
Cable length: 3 m + 0.5 m
Size: Sensor: diameter 1 cm, length: 11 cm; 15.2 mm spacer ring for light sensor positioning; Hood: 3.4 cm diameter, 3.2 cm height; Amplifier: 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm (w x l x h)
Weight: 175 g
Transport Box PHYTO-T
Design: Aluminum box with custom foam packing for PHYTO-PAM-II and accessories
Dimensions: 60 cm x 40 cm x 34 cm (l x w x h)
Weight: 5 kg
Accessories
Stirring Device WATER-S
Design: Miniature stirring motor in plastic housing with adapter to mount on top of the PHYTO-PAM-II/ED cuvette; equipped with disposable Perspex stirring paddle; self-contained unit featuring long-life 3 V Lithium Battery; potentiometer for adjustment of stirring rate
Dimensions: 50 mm x 80 mm x 30 mm (w x l x h)
Weight: 95 g (incl. battery)
Add-on
PHYTO-II/FT Flow-Through Cuvette
Design: Cuvette holder from black polyoxymethylene plastic (POM) with in-/out water tubing connectors (4 mm inner Ø and M 5 screw), to be mounted with two knurled-head screws to PHYTO-PAM-II compact version instruments. Delivery package includes a POM mounting device for light sensor US-SQS/WB.
Dimensions: Ø 49 mm, with connectors and cuvette 64 mm x 74 mm
Weight: 150 g
PHYTO-II/FT/I 0-10 V Universal Pump Control
Design: Pump interface box. USB- analog 0-10 V converter for PhytoWin-3 controlled operation of a peristaltic pump.
Dimensions: metal housing: 8 cm x 4 cm x 2 cm, cable 100 cm 0- 10V out, USB-device cable: 1.5 m
Weight: 380 g
MODULAR Version PHYTO-PAM-II
Specifications
MODULAR Version
Power-and-Control-Unit PHYTO-II-C
Sockets: CHARGE socket for Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L, AUX socket for US-SQS/WB Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor, USB socket, socket for Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS, DETECTOR socket for connecting PHYTO-II-D Photomultiplier-Detector Unit, LED ARRAY and FLUO ML sockets for connecting PHYTO-II-E Multi-Color-Emitter Unit
User interface: Windows computer with PhytoWin-3 software
Communication: USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 compatible
Power supply: Rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery 12 V/2 Ah; Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L (100 to 240 V AC)
Dimensions: 29 cm x 30 cm x 18 cm (l x w x h), aluminum housing with carrying handle
Power consumption: Basic operation, 1.5 W; with Measuring and Actinic Light at maximal currents, 4.5 W. Saturation Pulse at maximum intensity, 7 W
Weight: 4.2 kg (including battery)
Operating temperature: : -5 to +40 °C
Multi-Color-Emitter Unit PHYTO-II-E
Chip-on-board multi-wavelength measuring light LED emitter: 440, 480, 540, 590 and 625 nm for pulse-modulated measuring light; 2 intensity settings; 8 settings of pulse frequency and 3 settings of Auto MF-high pulse frequency
Chip-on-board multi-wavelength actinic LED array: 440, 480, 540, 590, 625 and 420-640 nm (white) for continuous actinic illumination, up to 3000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR; actinic pulses for Fast Kinetics, up to 11000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR; saturation pulses up to 12000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR
Far-Red LED: Far-Red LED
Dimension: 6.6 cm x 10.6 cm x 10 cm (l x w x h)
Weight: 490 g
Photomultiplier-Detector Unit
PHYTO-II-D
Signal detection: Photomultiplier detector based on Photosensor Module H-10720 (Hamamatsu)
Standard detector filter: long-pass filter > 650 nm
Weight: 510 g
Dimension: 5.3 cm x 11 cm x 7.1 cm (l x w x h)
Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L
Input: 90 to 264 V AC, 47 to 63 Hz
Output: 19 V DC, 3.7 A
Operating temperature: 0 to 40 °C
Dimensions: 15 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (l x w x h)
Weight: 300 g
Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor
US-SQS/WB
Design: 3.7 mm diffusing Plexiglas sphere coupled to integrated PAR-sensor via 2 mm fiber, compact amplifier unit and special holder for mounting on sample cuvette;
Connects to: PHYTO-PAM-II AUX connector
Cable length: 3 m + 0.5 m
Size: Sensor: diameter 1 cm, length: 11 cm; 19 mm spacer ring for light sensor positioning; Hood: 3.4 cm diameter, 3.2 cm height; Amplifier: 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm (w x l x h)
Weight: 175 g
Transport Box PHYTO-T
Design: Aluminum box with custom foam packing for PHYTO-PAM-II and accessories
Dimensions: 60 cm x 40 cm x 34 cm (l x w x h)
Weight: 6 kg
Accessories
Temperature Control Unit US-T
Display: Three line LCD display
Control range: 0 °C to 50 °C at 0.1 K steps
Operating voltage: 11 V – 14 V DC
Maximum Peltier current: 1 A
Size: 10.5 cm x 13 cm x 9 cm (l x w x h)
Weight: 570 g
Achievable temperatures: 12 K below ambient temperature, 15 K above ambient temperature (Quartz cuvette placed in Optical Unit for Suspensions ED-101US/MD with 1.5 ml water and stirrer PHYTO-MS on)
Size: diameter 55 mm, 110 mm height
Cable length: 130 cm
Weight: 290 g (including cable)
Input: 100 V – 240 V AC 1.5 A 50-60 Hz
Output: 12 V DC 5.5 A
Size: 130 mm x 56 mm x 30 mm (L x W x H)
Weight: 500 g (including cable)
Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS
Design: Based on rotating magnetic field; connecting to Power-and-Control Unit PHYTO-II-C; with special adapter plug to be mounted in bottom port of Optical Unit ED-101US/MP
Weight: 16 g
FIBER Version PHYTO-PAM
Specifications
FIBER Version
Power-and-Control Unit PHYTO-C
Microcontroller: RISC processor
User interface: Computer with Windows XP or Vista operating system and PhytoWin software; connection via RS 232 or separate USB to RS232 adapter (hardware provided)
Data output: Display and print-out via PC; analog output of four channels (original fluorescence data), 0 to 5 V
Power supply: Built-in rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery 12 V/7.2 Ah; Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L (100 to 240 V AC)
Power consumption: Basic operation 350 mA; with all LED light sources turned on, max. 800 mA
Dimensions: 31 cm x 16 cm x 33.5 cm (W x H x D), with carrying handle
Weight: 6.1 kg
Emitter-Detector-Fiberoptics Unit PHYTO-EDF
Design: Metal housing with cables connecting to the Power-and-Control-Unit PHYTO-C; containing measuring and actinic / saturation pulse LEDs, miniature fiber couplers with SMA-fiber connectors, photomultiplier and pulse preamplifier; separate 9-armed fiberoptics
Dimensions: 115 mm x 90 mm x 95 mm (L x W x H)
Weight: Approx. 600 g
Measuring LEDs: Total of 4 LEDs for pulse modulated measuring light peaking at 470, 520, 645 and 665 nm, focused on entrance of 1 mm Ø single plastic fibers with SMA-connectors
Actinic LEDs: Total of 4 LEDs for actinic light / saturation pulses peaking at 655 nm focused on entrance of 1 mm Ø single plastic fibers with SMA-connectors; actinic intensity up to 1800 μmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Saturation Pulse intensity up to 3500 μmol m-2 s-1
Signal detection: Photomultiplier detector based on a photosensor module by Hamamatsu with high red sensitivity; featuring pulse preamplifier and automatic overload switch-off; fluorescence detection at λ>710 nm; optimized for low background signal by special filter combination
Fiberoptics: 8 arms with 1 mm Ø single plastic fibers with SMA-adaptors to be connected to measuring light and actinic light connectors on top side of emitter-detector box; central 1.5 mm Ø fiber with adapter to detector input; length 105 cm; joint end with special endpiece featuring 4 mm Ø perspex light mixing rod, length 50 mm
Stand with Base Plate ST-101
Heavy base plate made from laminated wood (39.5 cm x 30 cm x 2 cm); with stand bar Ø 15 mm, height 76.5 cm (dividable in two parts; weight 2.8 kg; featuring special holder for fiberoptics endpiece, dark-box for shielding sample from ambient light
Accessories
Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/B
Design: Cylindrical housing with 14 mm diameter, height 16 mm. Diffusor diameter 5 mm, 3 m cable and BNC connector
Sensor: Cosine corrected selective PAR sensor for measuring range 0 to 20000 μmol m-2 s-1. Shipped together with the Adapter Set MQS-B/A for the calibration of the internal light list of the PHYTO-PAM FIBER version and WATER-PAM FIBER version. The sensor part (MQS-B) can be directly connected to the Universal Light Meter ULM-500
Accessories and Add-on COMPACT Version
Flow-Through Cuvette PHYTO-II/FT
Cuvette holder made from black polyoxymethylene plastic (POM) with in-/out water tubing connectors. The cuvette is mounted to PHYTO-PAM-II/ED Compact Version with two knurled screws. Delivery includes a POM mounting device for the Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB.
Universal Pump Control PHYTO-II/FT/I
Computer USB Interface box with an USB-analog
0-10 V converter for PhytoWin-3 controlled operation of a peristaltic pump.
Stirring Device WATER-S
Miniature stirring device (battery powered) that can be mounted on top of the PHYTO-PAM-II COMPACT version. It is equipped with disposable perspex stirring paddles. A potentiometer allows the adjustment of the stirring rate. The part is shipped with a set of ten Stirring Paddles WATER-R.
Stirring Paddles WATER-R
Spare stirring paddles (10 pieces) for the Miniature Stirring Device WATER-S. Already included in the WATER-S scope of delivery.
Quartz Glass Cuvette WATER-K
15 mm diameter round quartz glass cuvette for the PHYTO-PAM-II COMPACT version. (Two cuvettes are part of the purchased parts package of PHYTO-PAM-II COMPACT version.)
Accessories MODULAR Version
Miniature Magnetic Stirrer
PHYTO-MS
Based on rotating magnetic field; connecting to Power-and-Control Unit PHYTO-II-C; with special adapter plug to be mounted in bottom port of Optical Unit ED-101US/MP controlled by the Power-and-Control Unit PHYTO-II-C.
emperature Control Unit US-T
The US-T unit consists of a heat-transfer head with a cooling/heating Peltier element, and a separate power-and-control unit. The heat-transfer head is mounted on top of a Walz optical unit (ED-101US-type) so that the dip of the rod is in touch with the suspension investigated. The achievable temperature spread in suspensions is about 30 K; absolute temperatures depend on ambient temperature.
Accessories FIBER Version
Quartz Glass Mixing Rod EDF-Q
Quartz glass mixing rod (4 x 50 mm) substitutes for the standard Perspex Mixing Rod EDF-P. Suited e.g. for toxicological investigations.
Perspex Mixing Rod EDF-P
Set of three perspex mixing rods (4 x 50 mm). Already included in the PHYTO-EDF scope of delivery.
Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/B
Consisting of the cosine corrected Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/B together with the Adapter Set MQS-B/A for the calibration of the internal light list of the PYHTO-PAM FIBER version and WATER-PAM FIBER version.
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